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They have round gold connectors. I purchased a replacement display and it only came with TWO of these cables and connectors. What’s the deal? What do each do?

Three are WiFi and the Fourth is for Bluetooth MacBook Pro Unibody (Early 2011-Mid 2012) AirPort/Bluetooth Board Two WiFi and the Third is Bluetooth MacBook Pro 15" and 17" Unibody (Mid 2010) Airport/Bluetooth Board It sounds like you got the older model display assembly which only had one WiFi and one Bluetooth antennas. The older lids have a lower resolution iSight camera so you might want to see if you can swap it out with the correct one. Or, you can switch over the antenna assembly to the better one.

they are antenna cables to pickup the wifi signal