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I am completely tech-illiterate and am having issues with my MacBook Air 13” Mid 2013, specifically the SD card slot and two USB 3.0 ports which seem to not be working because nothing happens when I insert an SD card or a memory stick in the USB 3.0 ports. The system doesn’t recognize that anything has been inserted…

This sounds like a power issue with the USB ports & SD card slot. To tell you need a USB power meter like this one USB Mini Voltmeter If its not reading a voltage then your logic board needs repairs within the power services, if it is then the USB data logic has an issue within the logic board. In either case unless you know of someone with micro-soldering skills who can fix your logic board or you could just replace the logic board. MacBook Air 13" (Mid 2013-Early 2014) 1.3 GHz Logic BoardMacBook Air 13" (Mid 2013-Early 2014) 1.7 GHz Logic Board And here’s the guide: MacBook Air 13" Mid 2013 Logic Board Replacement